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Refrigerants: long-term solutions or long-term obligations?

Rashladni fluidi: trajna resenja, ili dugotrajne obaveze ?

Number: pap. 34

Author(s) : CICONKOV R.

Summary

The international agreements concerning protection of ozone layer and climate change, and their relations. CFC refrigerants, which are ozone depletion substances (ODS), were replaced with HFC fluids, but they are high potent climate gases. Therefore we could say that HFCs appeared on the market because of the Montreal Protocol. There are several EU countries with successful policies where national regulations on F-gases were introduced. Today they are the most advanced countries regarding climate friendly refrigeration technologies. The most used natural refrigerants are presented: ammonia, CO2, and hydro-carbons. Their advantages and disadvantages, and their fields of applications are described. Almost everywhere, processes and products based on natural refrigerants have reached a technical level that makes their use ecologically and economically viable.The fourth generation of fluorine-based gases is elaborated: HFOs (hydro-fluoro-olefins). The most used are R1234yf and R1234ze(E), and blends with HFCs. HFO refrigerants are mildly flammable and have a potential to accumulate and adversely affect ecosystems by increasing their acidity. Their prices are very high. The author gives a vision for the future with environmentally friendly refrigerants; innovations with new components and new concepts of low charge ammonia systems and their expansion in many applications. There are improvements of CO2 systems installing a parallel compressor(s); an internal heat exchanger; installing ejectors and using evaporative condenser. There is a big potential of R290 to be a refrigerant of choice for split air conditioning units improving their design regarding the safety and refrigerant charge. There are not enough people trained in refrigeration technologies with natural refrigerants in both developed and developing countries. So support and organization of such trainings is necessary.

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Details

  • Original title: Rashladni fluidi: trajna resenja, ili dugotrajne obaveze ?
  • Record ID : 30023445
  • Languages: Serbo-croatian
  • Subject: General information, HFCs alternatives
  • Source: 48th International HVAC&R Congress and Exhibition.
  • Publication date: 2017/12/06

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