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IIR document

Low-temperature natural helium separation processes for obtaining 3Helium isotope.

• Author(s) : MAKSIM K.
• Publication date: 2017/05/15
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryogenics 2017. Proceedings of the 14^th IIR International Conference: Dresden, Germany, Mai 15-19, 2017.
• Formats : PDF

HVAC&R systems for mango pulp processing.

• Author(s) : MAJGAONKAR A. S.
• Publication date: 2016/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Generality, Cooling, Chilling, Pulp, Process, Mango, Heating
• Source: ASHRAE Journal - vol. 58 - n. 9

IIR document

Transient simulation of the active magnetic regenerator process.

• Author(s) : CHRISTIAANSE T. V., GOVINDAPPA P., NIKNIA I., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/09/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Operation, Magnetocaloric cooling, Regenerator, Accuracy, Simulation, Process
• Source: 7^th International Conference on Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature (Thermag VII). Proceedings: Turin, Italy, September 11-14, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Numerical modelling of an innovative microwave assisted freezing process.

• Author(s) : SADOT M., CURET S., ROUAUD O., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/08
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 80
• Formats : PDF

Dynamic modeling of liquid desiccant dehumidification processes.

• Author(s) : WANG L., XIAO F., NIU X.
• Publication date: 2014/03/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Dehumidification, Mass transfer, Liquid, Heat transfer, Process, Modelling, Desiccant
• Source: International sorption heat pump conference (ISHPC2014), College Park, United States, March 31-April 2, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

A new method to describe the cooling process of packaged horticulture produce.

• Author(s) : SHIM Y. M., TAN Y. T., OLANTUNJI J., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Cooling, Process, Horticulture, Packaging, Fruit
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

Kinetics of Listeria monocytogenes cell reduction in processed cheese during storage.

• Author(s) : ANGELIDIS A. S., PAPAGEORGIOU D. K., TYROVOUZIS N. A., et al.
• Publication date: 2013/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Microbiology, Listeria, Temperature, Testing, Processed cheese
• Source: Food Control The International Journal of HACCP and Food Safety - vol. 29 - n. 1

IIR document

Handling, processing and freezing of pelagic fish in Norway.

• Author(s) : NORDTVEDT T. S., STAVSET O., WIDELL K. N.
• Publication date: 2015/04/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Tunnel, Ammonia, Review, Process, Fish, Handling, Freezing, Refrigerant
• Source: 6^th Conference on Ammonia and CO2 Refrigeration Technology. Proceedings: Ohrid, North Macedonia, April 16-18, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Biogas purification and liquefaction by means of a cryogenic upgrading process.

• Author(s) : SPITONI M., XIONG X., ARTECONI A., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/06/22
• Languages : English
• Source: 1^st IIR International Conference of Cryogenics and Refrigeration Technology (ICCRT 2016). Proceedings: Bucharest, Romania, June 22-25, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

Refrigerated clean room processing and packaging increases shelf life of refrigerated MAP packaged breaded products.

• Author(s) : BARON-YUSTY M., ROS-CHUMILLAS M., MARTÍNEZ HERNÁNDEZ G. B., LÓPEZ GÓMEZ A.
• Publication date: 2022/04
• Languages : English
• Source: XI Congreso Ibérico y IX Congreso Iberoamericano de Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, CYTEF 2022.
• Formats : PDF

Cryogenic maintenance of rare gases separation processes in 68…78 K temperature ranges.

• Author(s) : BONDARENKO V. L., SYMONENKO I. M., TYSHKO D. P.
• Publication date: 2017/07/20
• Languages : English
• Source: 8th international conference on compressors and refrigeration, 2017.
• Formats : PDF

Advanced cryogenic CO2 capture process based on Stirling coolers by heat integration.

• Author(s) : SONG C., LIU Q., JI N., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/03/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : CCS, Gas cooler, Stirling, Process, Cryogenics, Heat exchanger, CO2
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 114

IIR document

Simplified heat and mass transfer modeling in a food processing plant.

• Author(s) : LECOQ L., FLICK D., DERENS E., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Food industry, Microbiology, Mass transfer, Heat transfer, Drying, Process, Modelling
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

Evaluation of novel process configurations for coproduction of LNG and NGL using advanced exergoeconomic analysis.

• Author(s) : ANSANARISAB H., MEHRPOOYA M.
• Publication date: 2017/03/25
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Exergy, Economy, Liquefaction, Production, Process, Mixture, LNG
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 115

IIR document

A compression process model with integral equations for the scroll mechanism in a scroll compressor.

• Author(s) : QIANG J., LIU Z.
• Publication date: 2014/08
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Energy, Scroll, Process, Model, Compression, Scroll compressor
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 44
• Formats : PDF

CO2 system for retrofitting in food processing company

CO2 was chosen over an ammonia cascade plant

• Publication date : 2012/08/23

Germany: Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases in Products and Processes - Technical Climate Protection Measures – Report

Early 2004, the German Environment Agency published a report on fluorinated gases. Fluorinated gases covered in the German Climate Protection Programme are HFCs, PFCs and SF6. The German government first introduced a Climate Protection Programme...

• Publication date : 2004/11/19

Briefs: Dehumidification and cooling system cuts energy consumption by 43% in meat processing plant

Cooling and dehumidification costs in a meat plant in Germany have been reduced by a system using hot and cold water from other processes. According to DuCool, TönniesFleisch plant in Rheda-Wiedenbrück is saving annually 165 000 € in electricity...

• Publication date : 2009/08/13

High temperature heat pumps to increase energy efficiency of industrial processes

Summary of an article published in the International Journal of Refrigeration.

• Publication date : 2018/01/25

Frozen processed food in China: figures

Frozen processed food is expected to record current value growth of 7% in 2013, compared with 8% growth in 2012.

• Publication date : 2014/02/19
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Food processing: a priority sector for India

India’s food minister believes that with a better supply chain, the country could be a global food processing powerhouse.

• Publication date : 2015/05/29

Chilled processed food market in the Philippines

Chilled processed food sales grew by 4% in retail volume terms in 2012, while current value sales increased by 6%.

• Publication date : 2013/12/26
• Subjects: Figures, economy

The chilled processed food market in Dominican Republic

The Dominican chilled processed food sector is forecast to see consumption levels increase slightly over the next five years, experiencing a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2% in constant value and 1% in retail volume terms.

• Publication date : 2013/12/18
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Kenyan fish processing facility upgrades from R22 to ammonia

East Africa Sea Foods (EASF), a fish processing facility in Kenya, recently replaced its aging R22 refrigeration system with a two-stage ammonia system.

• Publication date : 2020/04/05
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives, Developing country

New process combining cryogenic freezing and MAP

Air Products Freshline® Superfresh is a new methodology which combines cryogenic freezing with modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) in a specific way to extend the life and quality of food products.

• Publication date : 2015/04/19

Road to COP28. How can we achieve sustainability in gas processing and liquefaction?

In gas processing plants, focus should be set on non-flaring operation and reduction of releases caused by leaks, says Dr Heinz Bauer, IIR expert....

• Publication date : 2023/03/28
• Subjects: Technology, General information

Rapid low-temperature process adds weeks to milk's shelf life

A rapid heating and cooling of milk significantly reduces the amount of harmful bacteria present, extending by several weeks the shelf life of milk, according to a Purdue University study.

• Publication date : 2016/09/06

“Soft chill” technology improves temperature control for food processors

A new way of using liquid nitrogen to control the temperature of foods while they are being processed will improve quality, even when used with the most heat-sensitive or reactive foods, according to Air Products.

• Publication date : 2014/02/17

A mathematical study presents a general derivation and a quantifcation of the third law of thermodynamics

Two physicists from University College London have provided a derivation of the "unattainability principle", which states that any process cannot reach absolute zero temperature in a finite number of steps.

• Publication date : 2017/03/30

Latest research on ammonia-based absorption refrigeration systems

A recent article has reviewed literature on absorption chillers that use ammonia as a refrigerant, along with water (H2O), lithium nitrate (LiNO3), and lithium nitrate + water...

• Publication date : 2021/02/25
• Subjects: Technology

Activities of the IIR’s Commission B1 on Thermodynamics & transfer processes

The IIR’s Commission B1 has been extremely active in the areas of working parties (WP), sub-commissions, IIR conferences, IIR-co-sponsored conferences and commission business meetings.

• Publication date : 2013/09/02

4th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Process of Refrigerants: a very successful event

The 4th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Process of Refrigerants (TPTPR) was held at TU Delft, the Netherlands, on June 16-19, 2013. 4 keynote lectures and 66 papers were presented during this highy successful...

• Publication date : 2013/08/12

Activities of IIR’s Commission B1 on “Thermodynamics and Transfer Processes”

Thermodynamics is essential for all topics covered by the IIR.

• Publication date : 2017/02/23

Focus on Commission B1 : Leading the way in thermodynamics and transfer processes

The objectives of Commission B1 on Thermodynamics and Transfer Processes are to provide academic and industrial information and data, and to propose any solutions on thermodynamics and transfer processes.

• Publication date : 2016/04/20

IIR Conference overview: 5th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants - TPTPR2017

With over 150 participants from 12 countries, the 5th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants featured 85 technical presentations, including six plenary keynote lectures.

• Publication date : 2017/05/24

LNG fundamentals explained in the Encyclopedia of refrigeration

The latest entry in the IIR’s online Encyclopedia of refrigeration is a thematic file presenting LNG production processes, and cold energy recovery applications.

• Publication date : 2022/07/08
• Subjects: Technology

New in our Encyclopedia. Ice cream manufacturing and its environmental impact.

A comprehensive review of the freezing process, market data and environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing. 

• Publication date : 2022/10/27
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Technology

The IIR at the refrigeration forefront of EU projects

Generally involved in the dissemination process, the IIR makes use of its network, activities and services to promote worldwide the research outcomes of the EU projects.

• Publication date : 2015/03/03

Call for abstracts ends December 20 - IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants

Authors are invited to send in submissions to the 6th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants (TPTPR 2021).

• Publication date : 2020/12/08
• Subjects: Technology

IIR member news: Air Liquide

Air Liquide – benefactor member of the IIR – recently inaugurated Cryocap™, a unique industrial installation that enables the capture of CO2 released during hydrogen production via a cryogenic process.

• Publication date : 2016/06/01

New IIR Informatory Note on high-temperature heat pumps

IRR’s latest Informatory Note demonstrates that high-temperature heat pumps are a key technology in the decarbonisation of process industries. 

• Publication date : 2021/10/22

A new version of the ATP Agreement

The new version on the international carriage of perishable foodstuffs and on the special equipment to be used for such carriage became effective from 30 September 2015. The IIR was involved in this process thanks to its Commission D2...

• Publication date : 2015/10/20

International events: Boulder

The 3rd IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants was held on June 23-26, 2009 in Boulder, Colorado, USA. It was jointly organized with the 17th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties regularly held in...

• Publication date : 2009/08/13

26th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration - Call for abstract

Abstract submission for the 26th International Congress of Refrigeration is extended. ICR 2023 is scheduled from 21st to 25th August 2023 in Paris.

• Publication date : 2022/07/11

ICR 2011 in Prague: a Resounding Success

The 23rd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration held in Prague, on August 21-26, 2011, was highly successful...

• Publication date : 2011/08/30

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables