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Fluidi refrigeranti zero-ODP, a basso GWP, per pompe di calore per alte e basse temperature : DR-14,DR-12 e DR-2.

DR-14, DR-12 and DR-2: zero-ODP and low-GWP refrigerants for high or low-temperature heat pumps.

• Author(s) : KONTOMARIS K.
• Publication date: 2014
• Languages : Italian
• Keywords : Low temperature, Heat pump, ODP, HFO, High temperature, GWP, Refrigerant
• Source: Industria & Formazione - vol. 38 - n. 375
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

A transient two-stage refrigeration system numerical analysis comprehending low-GWP and low-ODP refrigerant fluids.

• Author(s) : CARVALHO L. M., RIBEIRO G. B.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R1234yf, R1234ze, R32, R134a, Mobile air conditioning, Electric vehicle, Simulation, Low GWP, ODP, Expérimentation, Cost, Energy consumption
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

Indicateurs pour fluides frigorigènes.

Refrigerant indicators.

• Author(s) : MEUNIER F., TERRIER M. F., TREMEAC B.
• Publication date: 2016/11
• Languages : French
• Keywords : TEWI, Generality, Safety, ODP, LCCP, GWP, Environment, Refrigerant
• Source: Revue générale du Froid & du Conditionnement d'air - n.1160

IIR document

Refrigerants used in the Portuguese food industry: Current status.

• Author(s) : CARDOSO B. J., LAMAS F. B., GASPAR A. R., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Food industry, Review, Substitute, Portugal, ODP, GWP, Refrigerant
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 83
• Formats : PDF

Emission quantification of refrigerant CFCs, HCFCs and HFCs in megacity Lahore (Pakistan) and contributed ODPs and GWPs.

• Author(s) : UL-HAQ Z., ALI M., BATOOL S. A., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/08
• Languages : English
• Source: Journal of Earth System Science - vol. 125 - n. 6

IIR document

Air cycle feasibility using a novel, single rotor compander for refrigeration and heating.

• Author(s) : FENTON J., SUBERT J., HINCHLIFFE K., BIANCHI G., TASSOU S.
• Publication date: 2020/07/31
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Air cycle, Industrial application, Household application, Cooling capacity, GWP, ODP, COP, Rotor
• Source: IIR Rankine Conference 2020.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

Scientific assessment of ozone depletion: 2018.

• Author(s) : WMO (World Meteorological Organization), UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme), NOAA, NASA, European Commission
• Publication date: 2018/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Greenhouse effect, ODP, HFO, Energy efficiency, Refrigerant, Natural refrigerant, Ozone depletion, Regulations, CFC, HFC, HCFC, Emission, CO2 emission, GWP, Climate, World, Generality
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Atmospheric chemistry and environmental impact of CF3CF=CH2 (HFO-1234yf), E-CF3CH=CHF (1234ze(E)), CF3CF=CF2, (FO-1216), Z-CF3CH=CHCI (HCFO-1233zd(Z)), and E-CF3-CH=CHCI (HCFO-1233zd(E)).

• Author(s) : WALLINGTON T. J., SINGH R. R.
• Publication date: 2018/09
• Languages : English
• Source: 1^st IIR international conference on the application of HFO refrigerants, Birmingham, September 2-5 2018.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Atmospheric chemistry and environmental impact of CF3CF=CH2 (HFO-1234yf), E-CF3CH=CHF (1234ze(E)), CF3CF=CF2, (FO-1216), Z-CF3CH=CHCI (HCFO-1233zd(Z)), and E-CF3-CH=CHCI (HCFO-1233zd(E)).

• Author(s) : WALLINGTON T. J., SINGH R. R.
• Publication date: 2018/09
• Languages : English
• Source: 1^st IIR international conference on the application of HFO refrigerants, Birmingham, September 2-5 2018.
• Formats : PDF

Multi-Year evaluation of R-449A as a replacement for R-22 in low temperature and medium temperature refrigeration applications.

• Author(s) : PANSULLA A., ALLGOOD C.
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 16th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Development of mass production type rigid polyurethane foam for LNG carrier using ozone depletion free blowing agent.

• Author(s) : LEE Y., BAEK K. H., CHOE K., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/09
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryogenics - vol. 80

IIR document

Extention of the predictive E-PPR78 equation of state to freon-containing systems.

• Author(s) : JAUBERT J-N., PRIVAT R., COQUELET C.
• Publication date: 2017/04/23
• Languages : English
• Source: 5^th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Enhancing heat rejection from electronic devices with a supercritical carbon dioxide minichannel heat exchanger.

• Author(s) : ROSA O. C. da, BATTISTI F. G., HOBOLD G. M., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/10
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 106
• Formats : PDF

Spécificités de la lubrification des compresseurs frigorifiques en application à l’ammoniac. 2.

Specificities of refrigeration-compressor lubrication in ammonia applications. 2.

• Author(s) : DELAFARGUE G., HARRINGTON K., DIEBOLD A.
• Publication date: 2013/05
• Languages : French
• Source: Revue générale du Froid & du Conditionnement d'air - vol. 103 - n. 1133

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Boiling heat transfer mechanism of environmental-friendly refrigerants: A review.

• Author(s) : LV H., MA H., MAO N., HE T.
• Publication date: 2022/01
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 133
• Formats : PDF

Australia adopts ISO refrigeration safety standards

Australia adopted international refrigeration safety ISO standards.

• Publication date : 2017/03/06
• Subjects: Regulation

The tax on HFCs officially adopted in France

French tax on HFCs, officially adopted on December 30, 2018, will enter into force in 2021. Companies can already get a 40% income tax discount if they use alternatives to HFCs.

• Publication date : 2019/01/31
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives, Regulation

The European Intermodal Research Advisory Council

The European Intermodal Research Advisory Council, set up on May 3, 2005, forms the basis for coordinated intermodal research strategy for Europe. Composed of some 50 key players from large intermodal businesses, intermodal rail and road...

• Publication date : 2005/07/19

Easy-to-make doped thermoelectric materials

Thermoelectric materials, which can convert electric voltage into various temperature differences, ranging from hot to cold, and vice-versa, have been used in refrigerators for over 20 years, but these applications are still small and highly...

• Publication date : 2012/03/15

Challenges related to the adoption of air conditioning in emerging economies by 2040

The authors of a recent article modelled the adoption of air conditioning by 2040 in four emerging economies: Brazil, India, Indonesia, and Mexico. The adoption of AC could increase between two- to sixteen-fold,...

• Publication date : 2021/11/29
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Developing country

Adoption rates of transcritical CO2 in European supermarkets vary considerably

Shecco, a group promoting natural refrigerants, recently published “Guide 2012: Natural Refrigerants – Market Growth for Europe”, that seems to reveal a large difference in the adoption rates of transcritical CO2 between European countries.

• Publication date : 2012/07/09

Worldwide adoption of MEPS on the rise

Over 100 countries now use mandatory minimum energy efficiency performance standards or energy labels for the most common appliances, according to the IEA Energy Efficiency 2022...

• Publication date : 2023/02/20
• Subjects: General information

European Commission adopts new calculation methodology for renewable cooling

The European Commission has adopted a new calculation methodology in which the renewable share of cooling depends on energy performance. This should serve as an incentive for the...

• Publication date : 2022/01/10
• Subjects: Environment, Regulation

Adoption of long-awaited standard for flammable refrigerants

International Electrotechnical Commission standard approves increased charge of flammable refrigerants in domestic installations.

• Publication date : 2022/05/27
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives, Regulation

AC adoption may increase household electricity consumption up to 42%

In a recent study by EnergyA, an EU-funded research project, authors examined the impact of climatic conditions on households’ electricity expenditures in Australia, Canada, France, Japan, the Netherlands,...

• Publication date : 2020/06/29

Revised F-gas Regulation formally adopted by EU Member States

A key part is the introduction of an HFC phase-down – a gradually declining “cap’ on bulk HFCs placed on the EU market expressed in CO2 equivalent – with a reduction target of 79% by 2030

• Publication date : 2014/04/18
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives, Regulation

The European Commission adopts a proposal for the Europan Union to ratify the Kigali amendment.

The European Commission encourages a swift implementation of the Kigali amendment.

• Publication date : 2017/02/06
• Subjects: Environment, HFCs alternatives, Regulation

Latest regulatory news: REACH regulation, HFC tax in France and adoption of the Kigali Amendment in the United States.

Further postponement of the REACH regulation and the HFC tax in France. Adoption of the Kigali Amendment in the US. 

• Publication date : 2022/12/12
• Subjects: Regulation

2015 HCFC consumption in Cuba

The government of Cuba reported a consumption of 13.17 Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) tonnes of HCFC in 2015.

• Publication date : 2016/12/09

HFCs are “ weak ozone-depleting substances”

Although HFCs are promoted as being zero ODP refrigerants, they do have a small but measurable effect on ozone depletion, according to a new study by NASA.

• Publication date : 2015/12/08
• Subjects: Environment, HFCs alternatives, General information

Briefs: Codex Alimentarius: Quick Frozen Foods Code adopted

Codex Alimentarius: Quick Frozen Foods Code adopted The recommended International Code of Practice for the Processing and Handling of Quick Frozen Foods (QFF) has just been adopted at Step 5 and then directly at step 8 (final adoption) at the 31st...

• Publication date : 2008/08/12

FRIDOC now features a selection of MDPI articles on refrigeration

About 150 articles from MDPI journals, including review articles on various refrigeration technologies, are available in FRIDOC.

• Publication date : 2022/07/28
• Subjects: General information

Call to action to adopt 5 internationally established refrigeration terms!

All professionals in the field of low-temperature technologies are called and are strongly encouraged to strictly adhere to the internationally established and approved definitions, by the International...

• Publication date : 2020/09/28
• Subjects: General information

The IIR launches a call to action to adopt 5 internationally established refrigeration terms!

All professionals in the field of low-temperature technologies are called and are strongly encouraged to strictly adhere to the internationally established and approved definitions, by the International...

• Publication date : 2020/10/02
• Subjects: General information

Compressors Conference 2023 in London: Register today!

The 13th International Conference on Compressors and their Systems will be held this September in London.

• Publication date : 2023/07/19
• Subjects: Technology

Publish your thesis in FRIDOC today!

The FRIDOC database: your gateway to increased visibility in the field of refrigeration.

• Publication date : 2020/08/20

IIR International Conference Rankine 2020 - Register today!

Access the IIR International Conference Rankine 2020 – Advances in Cooling, Heating and Power Generation on demand this summer – view the sessions you want when you want. 

• Publication date : 2020/07/21
• Subjects: Technology

Paris Agreement adopted during COP21: an accepted common framework for all nations

The Paris Agreement which was adopted during the Conference of Parties (COP21) on climate change is of the utmost importance.

• Publication date : 2015/12/29

What role does social media play in today’s refrigeration industry?

Today, social media has become an important tool of daily life for many across the globe in diverse fields and sectors. Learn how to reap the benefits of social media in your expertise.

• Publication date : 2016/04/13

CRH 2015 - China Refrigeration 2015

Continued focus on providing persistent improvement and innovation in the HVAC&R industry. Highlights included a Demonstration Pavilion for cold chain solutions, Ozone2Climate Roadshow & Roundtable, and a side-event covering EU F-gas...

• Publication date : 2015/04/15

HARFKO 2015: More successful than ever welcomes UNEP Ozone2Climate Roundtable & Roadshow

Last week the IIR was delighted to participate in the 13th Heating, Air-conditioning, Refrigeration & Fluid Exhibition – KOREA (HARFKO 2015).

• Publication date : 2015/03/18

IIR Conference: Auckland

Innovative Equipment and Systems for Comfort and Food Preservation , an IIR conference, will be held in Auckland, New Zealand, on February 16-18, 2006. Deadlines: June 1, 2005 for abstracts and September 16, 2005 for papers. December 9, 2005:...

• Publication date : 2005/06/14

World Refrigeration Day 2020

The annual World Refrigeration Day aims to raise awareness among the wider public about the importance of refrigeration technologies in everyday life. Organised under...

• Publication date : 2020/06/25
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Developing country

Call for nominations: Sustainable cold chains virtual exhibition

Call for nominations for sustainable cold chain technologies and approaches.

• Publication date : 2021/09/13
• Subjects: Environment, Technology

Sign-up to workshop at ICCC 2022: Clean and efficient refrigeration solutions for food and healthcare

Join the free online workshop on April 13 which will present the ongoing projects in developing countries that will help promote the adoption of climate-friendly refrigeration technologies.

• Publication date : 2022/03/07
• Subjects: Developing country, Environment

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

For IIR members only

Heat pump stock in Europe

This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.

• Last update : 2021/12/14
• Langues : English
• Themes : Heat pumps, energy recovery: economics and statistics

Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFCs, HFO et HCFO, Blends

Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFO et HCFO, Blends

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids