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IIR document

R4F-GAS reclamation of ultimate waste of fluorinated greenhouse gases.

• Author(s) : GUEGAN L., LUCAS V.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : F-gas (fluorinated gas), Recycling, Recovery, Europe, Low GWP, Azeotropic mixture, Zeotropic mixture, Regulations, Testing
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

F-Gas II regulation and refrigerant emission forecasts in France.

• Author(s) : BARRAULT S., NEMER M.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Gas, France, Comparison, Control (automatic), Prediction, HFC, Leakage, Refrigerant
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Separation of binary mixtures based on helium and heavy inert gases.

• Publication date: 2023/04/25
• Languages :
• Source: Proceedings of the 17^th IIR International Conference on Cryogenics, Desden, Germany, april 25-28 2023
• Formats : PDF

Gas Servei S.A. apuesta por el RS-50 (R442A): el nuevo refrigerante de alta eficiencia y bajo PCA para reemplazar al R404A y R507.

Gas Servei S.A. bet on the RS -50 (R442A): high efficiency and low GWP new refrigerant to replace R404A and R507.

• Publication date: 2013/06
• Languages : Spanish
• Source: Frío Calor Aire acondicionado - vol. 40 - n. 459
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Noble gas isotopes as biomarkers.

• Author(s) : ARKHAROV I., NAVASARDYAN E., DOLGOPYATOV D.
• Publication date: 2014/04/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Imaging, Helium, Gas, Xenon, Resonance, Purification, Neon, Cryogenics
• Source: Cryogenics 2014. Proceedings of the 13^th IIR International Conference: Prague, Czech Republic, April 7-11, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

The exergy analysis of NGE-MR natural gas liquefaction process.

• Author(s) : WANG X., WU J., MENG X., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Exergy, Liquefaction, Optimization, Modelling, Natural gas, Liquefied gas
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

Design and optimization of natural gas liquefaction process by utilizing gas pipeline pressure energy.

• Author(s) : HE T. B., JU Y. L.
• Publication date: 2013/08
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Pipe, Liquefaction, Design, Process, Optimization, High pressure, Natural gas
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 57 - n. 1-2

Guida area F-Gas: una guida pratica sull’applicazione del nuovo regolamento degli F-gas nel campo della refrigerazione, dell’aria condizionata e delle pompe di calore.

AREA F-Gas Guide: a practical guide on the application of the new F-Gas Regulation to refrigeration, air conditioning & heat pump contractors.

• Publication date: 2014/12
• Languages : Italian
• Keywords : Regulations, Refrigerating system, Industrial application, European Union, Commercial application, Recommendation, Heat pump, Guide, F-gas (fluorinated gas), Refrigerant, Air conditioning

IIR document

Low-temperature application adsorption method for separation of rare inert gas isotope mixture.

• Author(s) : KUPRIYANOV M., VERKHOVNY A.
• Publication date: 2019/05/08
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Spectrometry, Low temperature, Adsorption, Separation, Rare gas, Expérimentation
• Source: Cryogenics 2019. Proceedings of the 15^th IIR International Conference: Prague, Czech Republic, April 8-11, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Utilization of engine exhaust gas in boil-off gas reliquefaction system of a LNG Carrier ship.

• Author(s) : KOCHUNNI S. K., CHOWDHURY K.
• Publication date: 2019/05/08
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Methane carrier, Liquefaction, Brayton, Absorption, Cascade system, Gas engine, Expérimentation, Heat exchanger, Boiling
• Source: Cryogenics 2019. Proceedings of the 15^th IIR International Conference: Prague, Czech Republic, April 8-11, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

Panoramica delle normative che limitano l’uso degli HFC. Focus sulla Regolamentazione Europea sui Gas Fluorurati.

Overview of Regulations Restricting HFC Use, Focus on the EU F-Gas Regulation.

• Author(s) : IIF-IIR, KAUFFELD M.
• Publication date: 2015/01
• Languages : Italian
• Keywords : Regulations, European Union, Review, World, HFC, F-gas (fluorinated gas), Refrigerant
• Source: Industria & Formazione - vol. 39 - n. 385
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Plant for natural gas liquefaction using a rotor wave cryogenerator.

• Author(s) : ARKHAROV A., SEMENOV V., MALAKHOV S., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/04/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Cryogenerator, Liquefaction, Rotor, Efficiency, Wave, LNG, Natural gas, Expérimentation
• Source: Cryogenics 2014. Proceedings of the 13^th IIR International Conference: Prague, Czech Republic, April 7-11, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

A novel approach for operational optimization of multi-stage refrigeration cycles in gas refineries.

• Author(s) : KALANTAR-NEYESTANAKIA H., MAFI M., ASHRAFIZADEH A.
• Publication date: 2017/08
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Gas, Energy consumption, Liquefaction, Propane, Optimization, Multistage system, Expérimentation, Cycle
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 80
• Formats : PDF

Análise dos gases de combustão provenientes de dois motores de combustão interna por injeção de gás natural e biodiesel.

Combustion gases analysis of two internal combustion engines by natural gas and biodiesel injection.

• Author(s) : CAVALCANTE A. W. A., SANTOS L. B. dos, SANTOS C. A. C.
• Publication date: 2016/05/03
• Languages : Portuguese
• Keywords : Biomass, Gas engine, Natural gas, Environment, Diesel, Combustion
• Source: CYTEF 2016. VIII Congreso Ibérico y VI Congreso Iberoamericano de las Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, Coimbra-Portugal, 3-6 mayo, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Plant for natural gas liquefaction with capacity 3000 kg/h.

• Author(s) : KRAKOVSKY B. D., MARTYNOV V. A., POPOV O. M., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/04/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Operation, Liquefier, Liquefaction, Efficiency, Russia, LNG, Natural gas, Control (generic)
• Source: Cryogenics 2014. Proceedings of the 13^th IIR International Conference: Prague, Czech Republic, April 7-11, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

F-gas

Useful info about the F-gas regulation Have you had trouble trying to fathom out the F-gas regulation? Then you might find the document published on the IOR Web site useful:

• Publication date : 2007/05/04

F-gas

The EU Commission has launched the "F-Gas Regulation" review, as mandated by Article 10 of the Regulation: "By 4 July 2011, the Commission shall publish a report based on the experience of the application of this Regulation". In this...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

F-gas Regulation

The F-gas Regulation (842/2006/EC) entered into force on July 4, 2007. The various measures introduced by the Regulation to ensure reduced emissions of F-gases are leak check procedures, labelling provisions, and high standards for the training...

• Publication date : 2009/08/13

Appointments: Dana Gas

United Arab Emirates: Mr Rashid Saif Al Jarwan has been appointed General Manager of Dana Gas and Mr Saif Ahmed Al Ghafli is now General Manager of ADGAS.

• Publication date : 2007/05/04

F-gas Regulation

The European Union's "F-gas" Regulation No. 842/2006 is now applied with effect on July 4, 2007 in the 27 European Member States. This Regulation aims at minimizing emissions of fluorinated greenhouse gases, including HFCs. -For stationary...

• Publication date : 2007/08/05

Thriving Chinese Gas Market

The Chinese industrial gas market has been growing at a healthy rate for some time and it is believed that China could soon become the world's third largest industrial gas market if this growth is sustainable. This is quite possible: the Chinese...

• Publication date : 2009/01/23

Thriving Chinese Gas Market

The Chinese industrial gas market has been growing at a healthy rate for some time and it is believed that China could soon become the world's third largest industrial gas market if this growth is sustainable. This is quite possible: the Chinese...

• Publication date : 2009/01/23

European F-gas regulation

The timetable for the F-gas regulation proposal was published by DG Environment. The second reading at the European Parliament will take place in June 2005 and final agreement is expected late summer 2006. Entry into force is expected to occur by...

• Publication date : 2005/02/11

Europe: F-gas regulation

On March 31, 2004, the European Parliament voted in its plenary session on the "F-gas" proposal (Proposal for an European Parliament and Council regulation on certain fluorinated greenhouse gases) of the European Commission dated August 12, 2003...

• Publication date : 2004/04/28

European Union: F-gas figures

The European Commission has published statistics on fluorinated gases (HFCs, PFCs and SF6) in the European Union, based on reports submitted by EU companies pursuant to the F-gas Regulation.

• Publication date : 2012/03/05
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Spain proposes F-gas tax

Following recommendations by the European Union to increase the environmental tax burden, the Spanish Council of Ministries has approved a tax on fluorinated greenhouse gases.

• Publication date : 2013/09/09
• Subjects: Regulation

Briefs: NOAA Greenhouse Gas Index

Researchers at the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) developed what they call a "scientifically unambiguous" index, that they say will allow them to track changes in the gases that contribute the most to the warming...

• Publication date : 2009/02/24

New projections regarding F-gas emissions

A study recently published by Gschrey et al.(1) predicts that global emissions of Kyoto Protocol fluorinated gases (HFCs + SF6 + PFCs) will amount to 4 GT CO2 eq. in 2050 if no mitigation measures are taken, with HFC emissions only representing...

• Publication date : 2011/12/06

F-Gas Regulation Guidance.

Gluckman Consulting and Jacobs have prepared comprehensive guidance related to the new EU F-Gas regulation.

• Publication date : 2015/01/26
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

European F-gas Regulation deadline for certification

The European Regulation No. 303-2008, pursuant to the Regulation No. 842-2006 (“F-gas”), has established the minimum requirements and the conditions for certification of companies and personnel as regards stationary refrigeration, air-conditioning...

• Publication date : 2011/07/01

Review of F-gas regulation - IIR contribution

The IIR has responded to the European Commission consultation “Fluorinated greenhouse gases – review of EU rules (2015-20)” which aims to collect opinions and suggestions about the update of the F-gas Regulation...

• Publication date : 2020/09/06
• Subjects: Environment, Regulation, HFCs alternatives

The IIR participated in the EC consultation on the F-gas Regulation

In response to the European Commission (EC) consultation, the IIR sent comments on an EC report on the application, effects and adequacy of the F-gas Regulation.

• Publication date : 2012/02/08
• Subjects: Regulation

The IIR supports operational and economic missions in Madagascar

IIR interventions and recommendations will focus on the mission’s aspects which are related to the food cold chain, including offshore fishery and continental aquaculture among others.

• Publication date : 2016/08/10

Las Vegas

The 8th IEA International Heat Pump Conference (co-sponsored by the IIR) took place in Las Vegas, USA on May 30-June 2, 2005. There were 220 attendees at this very interesting conference on technology that can save energy, both in cooling and...

• Publication date : 2005/07/19

News from IIR members: Linde Gases

Linde Gases recently signed an agreement with Stena Aluminium in Sweden for the installation of its low-temperature oxyfuel technology. Stena is a major aluminium producer and will boost productivity thanks to the Oxyfuel solution: the technology...

• Publication date : 2009/05/18

2nd International Conference on Industrial Gases

The 2nd International Conference on Industrial Gases was held in Moscow on April 19-20, 2011. Seventy persons from 6 countries attended. The focus was on the scientific and practical value of the presentations for the industrial gas market and...

• Publication date : 2011/08/09

2015 rings in the EU F-gas regulation

The new IIR Informatory Note presents an overview of HFC Regulations worldwide with a focus on the EU F-gas Regulation .

• Publication date : 2015/01/13
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

New IIR Informatory Note on Liquefied Natural Gas

The latest IIR Informatory Note stresses that LNG is expected to play a major role in global energy strategies as it has many advantages and helps mitigate global warming when used instead of coal and...

• Publication date : 2023/06/28

IIR member news: Cemafroid's experience in F-Gas certification recognized in Italy

Tecnea, majority shareholder in French company Cemafroid, benefactor member of the IIR, was recently accredited to grant certifications (certificates of competency) via its branch Tecnea Italia.

• Publication date : 2014/08/13
• Subjects: Regulation

Corporate members of the IIR react to the draft revision of the F-Gas (in French)

The AFF, AFCE and Snefcca have communicated their reactions to the draft revision of the F-Gas. Both organisations draw attention to the difficulty of following the recommendations currently...

• Publication date : 2022/08/23
• Subjects: Regulation

Member news: Danfoss is committed to reducing food waste

The Salling Group and Danfoss are working with Microsoft to reduce food waste and energy consumption in retail refrigeration. 

• Publication date : 2023/02/17
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Activities of the IIR’s Commission A2 on Liquefaction and Separation of Gases

The problems related to thermodynamic optimization and new technologies in liquefaction and separation of gases are actual and critical for many branches of modern industry, power generation and medicine.

• Publication date : 2014/03/07

Obituary: Klaas Visser

The IIR was deeply saddened to learn that Klaas Visser passed away last July.

• Publication date : 2023/09/22

Obituary: Prof. A. H. C. van Paassen

Prof. A. H. C. van Paassen, Emeritus Professor in the section Energy Technology at the Faculty Design, Construction and Production of the Delft University of Technology (The Netherlands), died on June 30, 2009, at the age of 68. He taught courses...

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

ASHRAE winter meeting and French refrigeration greetings ceremony

The IIR presented two papers at the ASHRAE Winter Meeting seminars and participated in the "Refrigeration Greetings event" organised by the French association of refrigeration (AFF) on 27...

• Publication date : 2022/02/28

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

• Last update : 2022/01/20
• Langues : English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

For IIR members only

Heat pump stock in Europe

This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.

• Last update : 2021/12/14
• Langues : English
• Themes : Heat pumps, energy recovery: economics and statistics

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

For IIR members only

Global cold storage capacity

This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).

• Last update : 2021/12/06
• Langues : English
• Themes : Refrigerated storage: economics and statistics

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Blends, HFO et HCFO

Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFCs, Blends, HFO et HCFO

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams