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Cryology, gas processing: general information
Low-temperature physics
Small-scale cryogenic applications, cryocoolers
Properties of cryogenic fluids and materials
Transport and handling of cryogenic fluids
Cryogenics safety, instrumentation and metrology
Large-scale cryogenic applications
Gas liquefaction and separation
Gas processing and purification
LNG and LPG
Applications of liquified gases
Superconduction
Other applications of cryogenic temperatures
Cryology, gas processing: regulations and standards
Cryology, gas processing: economics and statistics Thermodynamics, transfer processes: general information
Thermodynamics and changes of state
Thermodynamic measurements
Heat transfer
Mass transfer
Two-phase flow
Insulants
Frost formation Refrigerants, secondary refrigerants: general information
CFCs
HCFCs
HFCs
HFO et HCFO
Ammonia
CO2
Hydrocarbons
Water
Other refrigerants
Blends
Liquid secondary refrigerants
Two-phase secondary refrigerants (PCMs, ice slurries…)
Lubricants
Nanofluids
Containment, refrigerant charge reduction
Refrigerants, secondary refrigerants: regulations and standards
Refrigerants, secondary refrigerants: economics and statistics Refrigerating equipment: general information
Compression systems
Compressors
Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers
Expansion systems
Refrigerant circulation: piping, control, automation, safety
Defrosting systems
Indirect refrigeration systems
Absorption and adsorption systems
Ejector systems, air cycle, Stirling cycle, other cycles)
Solar refrigeration
Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)
Other refrigerating systems (desiccant cooling, thermoelectrics, thermoacoustics…)
Energy efficiency, energy savings
Refrigerating equipment: regulations and standards
Refrigerating equipment: economics and statistics Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information
The influence of refrigeration on microorganisms, viruses and vaccines
The influence of refrigeration on cells, tissues and organs
Cryomedicine and cryosurgery
Freeze drying: general information
Freeze-drying in biology and medicine
Freeze-drying of foodstuffs and other products Refrigeration and perishable products: general information
Food engineering
Food quality and safety. Microbiology
Cold chain, interfaces
Traceability, metrology
Chilling of foodstuffs
Freezing of foodstuffs
Packaging
Irradiation and other preservation processes
Fruit
Vegetables
Seeds and plants
Meat and meat products
Poultry
Fish and fish product
Eggs and egg products
Milk and dairy products
Ice creams
Beverages
Bakery and confectionery products
Precooked food
Other foodstuffs
Refrigeration and perishable products: regulations and standards
Refrigeration and perishable products: economics and statistics Refrigerated storage: general information
Cold stores : design, construction, insulation and equipment
Cold stores: running, control and safety
Multipurpose cold stores
Specialized cold stores
Freezing installations
Refrigerated storage: regulations and standards
Refrigerated storage: economics and statistics Refrigerated transport: general information
Cooling of transport vehicles
Insulation of transport vehicles
Road transport
Rail transport
Marine transport
Air transport
Containers and packaging
Refrigerated transport: regulations and standards
Refrigerated transport: economics and statistics Industrial, commercial and domestic refrigeration: general information
Civil engineering
Chemical engineering
Pharmaceutical engineering
Other industrial applications
District cooling
Ice manufacture
Skating rinks, artificial snow
Supermarkets, display cabinets
Domestic applications (refrigerators, freezers)
Industrial, commercial and domestic refrigeration: regulations and standards
Industrial, commercial and domestic refrigeration: economics and statistics Air conditioning: general information
Humidification/dehumidification equipment
Other air-conditioning equipment
Indoor air quality
Comfort air conditioning
Air conditioning in laboratories and industry
Chillers
Green buildings
Mobile air conditioning
Other air-conditioning applications
Air conditioning: regulations and standards
Air conditioning: economics and statistics Heat pumps, energy recovery: general information
Heat pumps techniques
Residential heat-pumps
Commercial heat pumps
Industrial heat pumps
Other heat-pump applications
Thermal energy storage
Cogeneration (CHP), trigeneration
Other energy-saving and energy-recovery systems
Heat pumps, energy recovery: regulations and standards
Heat pumps, energy recovery: economics and statistics General information on refrigeration
History of refrigeration
General information on energy
General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)
Research, education and training
Regulations and standardization (Montreal and Kyoto Protocols…)
Economic data and statistics
Refrigeration related domains
HOFFMANN G.
FRIDOC