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IIR document

Data driven assessment of a small scale evaporative condenser based on a combined artificial neural network with design of experiment approach.

• Author(s) : REICHERT H., DONNI R., SCHNEIDER P., ACUNHA I. C. Jr
• Publication date: 2020/07
• Languages :
• Keywords : Evaporative condenser, Testing, Artificial neural network, Performance, Design, Modelling
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 115
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

Update on new refrigerants designations and safety classifications 2023

• Author(s) : ASHRAE, UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme)
• Publication date: 2023/04
• Languages : English
• Formats : PDF

Design and construction of an evaporative cooling system for the storage of fresh tomato.

• Author(s) : ZAKARI M. D., ABUBAKAR Y. S., MUHAMMAD Y. B., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Tomato, Design, Cooling, Fresh produce, Weight loss, Evaporative system, Relative humidity
• Source: ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences - vol. 11 - n. 4

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Design and simulation of a small cold storage with NH3 refrigeration system and an indirect cooling loop with CO2.

• Author(s) : BREDESEN T. A., TOLSTOREBROV I., WIDELL K. N., MADDALI R., EIKEVIK T. M.
• Publication date: 2020/12/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : India, Fruit, Tropical fruit, Ammonia, CO2, Cold storage, Small scale, Design, Simulation, Indirect system, COP, Performance, Apple, Mango, Grape, R744
• Source: 14^th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2020). Proceedings. Kyoto, Japon, December 7-9^th 2020.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Design optimization of compressor reed valve based on axiomatic design.

• Author(s) : WANG F., MU G., GUO Q.
• Publication date: 2016/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Design, Valve (compressor), Optimization, Compressor
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 72
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

WALK-IN COLD ROOMS, A PRACTITIONER'S TECHNICAL GUIDE - Design and Operation of Walk-In Cold Rooms for Precooling and Storage of Fresh Produce in Hot Climates, in Off-Grid and Unreliable Grid Situations.

• Publication date: 2023/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Cold room, Cold storage, Cold chain, Solar cooling, Feeding, Freezing, Refrigeration, Developing country, Hot climate, Recommendation, Design
• Formats : PDF

Advanced energy retrofit - Designing integrated design roadmaps.

• Author(s) : TRUBIANO F., BRENNAN M., ALBEE K.
• Publication date: 2014/07/14
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Energy consumption, Commercial building, Design, Guide, USA, Energy saving, Retrofitting
• Source: 2014 Purdue Conferences. 3rd International High Performance Buildings Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Factors affecting air ingress rates to a modern low temperature facility and methods to reduce the effects.

• Author(s) : MCVITTIE G., GILLIES A.
• Publication date: 2014/06/23
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Design, Air change, Air, Cold store, Leakage
• Source: 3^rd IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: London, UK, June 23-25, 2014
• Formats : PDF

Low temperature warehouse raises the bar.

• Author(s) : MOOLENSCHOT R.
• Publication date: 2013/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : South africa, Cold room, Low temperature, Design, Ammonia, Case study, Cold store
• Source: RACA Journal - vol. 28 - n. 12
• Formats : PDF

CHW system design.

• Author(s) : PATALON B.
• Publication date: 2015/04
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Dehumidification, Building, Design, Chiller, Energy efficiency, Air conditioning
• Source: Consulting-Specifying Engineer - vol. 52 - n. 3

A rapid sample-exchange mechanism for cryogen-free dilution refrigerators compatible with multiple high-frequency signal connections.

• Author(s) : BATEY G., CHAPPELL S., CUTHBERT M. N., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/03
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryogenics - vol. 60

Recommended by the IIR

1D design and optimization of a micro-centrifugal compressor design for air conditioning applications.

• Author(s) : MEI Z., CAO T., HWANG Y.
• Publication date: 2021/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Compressor, Centrifugal compressor, Miniaturization, R600a, Design, Optimization, Modelling
• Source: 2021 Purdue Conferences. 25^th International Compressor Engineering Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Designing lab ventilation systems.

• Author(s) : EISENBERG J., HUANG J.
• Publication date: 2015/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Laboratory, Ventilation, Design, USA, Energy saving, Air conditioning
• Source: Consulting-Specifying Engineer - vol. 52 - n. 1

IIR document

Moving the CO₂ 'equator' from the northern Mediterranean to Malaysia without ejectors.

• Author(s) : VISSER K.
• Publication date: 2017/05/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Humid climate, Design, R744, Malaysia, Cold storage, Transcritical cycle, COP, Evaporative condenser
• Source: 7^th Conference on Ammonia and CO₂ Refrigeration Technology. Proceedings: Ohrid, North Macedonia, May 11-13, 2017.
• Formats : PDF

Open cooling tower design considerations.

• Author(s) : PETERSON W. P.
• Publication date: 2016/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Operation, Cooling tower, Design, Performance, Air conditioning
• Source: ASHRAE Journal - vol. 58 - n. 2

Briefs: Nitrogen blasting designed for beer shelf life boost

Vacuum Barrier Corp. has developed Nitrojetter technology, which reduces oxygen levels within carbonated beverages in order to extend shelf life without affecting taste or colour. Nitrojetter uses liquid nitrogen steam that is fired into the...

• Publication date : 2009/02/25

Solar refrigeration solution designed to support life on the moon

In 2012, the prestigious NASA Commercial Innovation of the Year was bestowed on a solar refrigeration solution designed to support life on the moon, but has huge application on Earth. With approximately 2 billion of Earth’s inhabitants without...

• Publication date : 2013/04/22

ASHRAE Technology Awards: winning project features green design

The ASHRAE Technology Awards recognize outstanding achievements by members who have successfully applied innovative building design in the areas of occupant comfort, indoor air quality (IAQ) and energy conservation. The designs incorporate ASHRAE...

• Publication date : 2005/06/14

Publication of an update on new refrigerants designations and safety classifications.

UN Environment and ASHRAE recently published a fact sheet to provide an update on ASHRAE Standards 34, which lists the designations of refrigerants.

• Publication date : 2017/03/17
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

A design for a liquid-nitrogen-powered vehicle engine could provide an alternative to batteries and fuel cells

The engine developed by Dearman Engine Company (DEC), which is driven by the pressure created as liquid nitrogen (LN2) returns to its gas form could provide a way of powering a vehicle without producing CO2 tailpipe emissions but with a longer...

• Publication date : 2012/03/26

New European ecodesign regulation for air conditioners

New European Regulation 206/2012 that sets minimal performance requirements for air-conditioners will enter into force in January 2013.

• Publication date : 2012/09/18
• Subjects: Regulation

New design for CO2 cascade system

Researchers from two Spanish universities are looking for commercial licensees for a CO2 cascade refrigeration system that is said to overcome many of the current drawbacks of the technology.

• Publication date : 2014/06/20

The race to design individual cooling devices

Cooling individuals would be less energy-consuming and a lot cheaper than cooling entire buildings. Based on that principle, companies, start-ups, and researchers are racing to build wearable devices that can act like mini air-conditioning units.

• Publication date : 2020/02/06

5 natural air-conditioning designs inspired by nature

The high electricity consumption for air-conditioning is a problem that a new group of designers are trying to solve by mimicking Mother Nature's craftiness.

• Publication date : 2013/09/19

Heat exchanger design can improve the performance of PCMs

According to a recent review article, optimising the design of heat exchangers in latent heat thermal energy storage systems (LHTES) is one way of improving the thermal conductivity of phase change materials...

• Publication date : 2021/02/12
• Subjects: Technology

Publication of EU eco-design regulations for commercial refrigeration appliances

The Ecodesign regulations setting energy efficiency requirements for commercial appliances will apply in all 28 EU member states from March 2021.

• Publication date : 2019/12/30
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Design and operation of district heating and cooling systems supplied by renewable energy sources

A report published by the European Commission analyses 8 efficient district heating and cooling systems in different Member States.  

• Publication date : 2021/03/29

EU Ecodesign Regulation No 1253/2014 for Ventilation Units

Since 1 January 2016, the European Ecodesign Regulation (No 1253/2014) has been applied to ventilation units with stringent requirements scheduled in 2018.

• Publication date : 2016/03/31
• Subjects: Regulation

How to improve the energy efficiency of cold stores in India

A report commissioned by the World Bank Group presents energy efficiency measures for the design of post-harvest and cold storage warehouses in India. 

• Publication date : 2022/07/08
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Developing country

Refrigerated delivery vehicles: device facilitates door closing

In order to avoid unwanted temperature rises due to awkward door closing, an EPDM valve has been designed by the German company Maagtechnic.

• Publication date : 2011/10/03

New design for the IJR but still quality papers!

As well as original research papers the IJR also includes review articles, papers presented at IIR conferences, short reports and letters describing preliminary results and experimental details, and letters to the Editor on recent areas of...

• Publication date : 2019/11/20

IIR Informatory Notes on refrigerants designed to meet the needs of decision-makers

"We felt it was important to draft a collection of Notes on the most appropriate actions to take in this field, designed to meet the needs of decision-makers in order to be better prepared for the upcoming deadlines."

• Publication date : 2016/03/15

New IIR Informatory Note on thermal energy storage systems

IIR’s latest Informatory Note demonstrates that a well-designed TES system can reduce energy consumption through more efficient equipment operation and lower investment costs, thus reducing the equipment...

• Publication date : 2022/01/28

IIR member news: Daikin launches new VRV solution

Daikin has launched a new VRV solution to meet the specific demands of city and urban locations where space is limited and customers want an invisible air conditioning solution.

• Publication date : 2015/09/20

IIR member news: Embraco

Embraco, IIR Corporate Member, announced the launch of a new oil-less linear compressor design for domestic refrigeration.

• Publication date : 2014/04/27

The IIR is involved in a new project called Cool-Save

The IIR is involved in a new project called Cool-Save. This 30-month European project comprises the development and dissemination of cost-effective strategies designed to improve energy efficiency in cooling systems in the food and drink sector.

• Publication date : 2012/04/25

COOL-SAVE project news

This European project – which aims at development and dissemination of cost-effective strategies designed to improve energy efficiency in cooling systems in the food and drink sector – involves 9 partners including the IIR, which is a member of...

• Publication date : 2013/02/22

The IIR launches a brand new website

With a fresh and modern design that will adapt to any electronic device for comfortable viewing, the new website of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) will provide user-friendly access to the most relevant information in...

• Publication date : 2020/03/31

New publications: Ammonia as a Refrigerant

The new version of the IIR's guide Ammonia as a Refrigerant has just been published! It was prepared by Dr A.B. Pearson, member of IIR Commission E1. The overarching aim is to enhance decision-makers', designers', fitters' and end-users' knowledge...

• Publication date : 2008/10/25

STEF-TFE opens largest cold store in Madrid

New site cuts energy consumption by 15% with innovative energy storage system during off-peak hours

• Publication date : 2011/12/08

News from IIR members: Alfa Laval

Alfa Laval is providing solutions for the fast-expanding CO2 market and has launched two new brazed heat exchanger models designed for transcritical CO2 systems for transport refrigeration, commercial refrigeration and heat-pump applications. The...

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

News from IIR members: Mega project for Technip

Shell Gas & Power Developments BV is joining forces with Technip and Samsung to design, build and install multiple floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) facilities over a period of up to 15 years. Shell and Technip-Samsung also signed a...

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

Conference update: Stockholm

The 2nd IIR Workshop on Refrigerant Charge Reduction in Refrigerating Systems will be held in Stockholm, Sweden, on June 16-17, 2010. The main themes are: design of low-refrigerant charge systems thermodynamics in compact heat exchangers; design...

• Publication date : 2010/03/07

Conference update: Stockholm

The 2nd IIR Workshop on Refrigerant Charge Reduction in Refrigerating Systems will be held in Stockholm, Sweden, on June 16-17, 2010. Key themes include: design of low-refrigerant charge systems; thermodynamics in compact heat exchangers; design...

• Publication date : 2010/05/27

Upcoming IIR events: Ohrid

Following a very successful initial event held in April 2005, Ammonia Refrigeration Technology for Today and Tomorrow, the second IIR event in this series, will be held on April 19-21, 2007 in Ohrid, Macedonia (FYROM). Main themes include: design...

• Publication date : 2006/07/26

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG