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IIR document

Measurements of pρTx and specific heat capacity cv for (R290 + R1243zf) binary mixtures at temperatures from (292 to 350) K and pressures up to 11 MPa.

• Author(s) : SHENG B., DONG X., ZHAO Y., LI Z., YAN H., ZHONG Q., WANG J., GONG M., SHEN J.
• Publication date: 2020/04
• Languages :
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 112
• Formats : PDF

High-Glide refrigerant blends and system retrofits.

• Author(s) : WITHOUSE J.
• Publication date: 2016/11/09
• Languages : English
• Source: ASHRAE Journal - vol. 58 - n. 11

High-glide refrigerant blends & system retrofits.

• Author(s) : WITHOUSE J.
• Publication date: 2016/12
• Languages : English
• Source: ASHRAE Journal - vol. 58 - n. 12

Charging and recovery techniques for low GWP refrigerant blends.

• Author(s) : MACNEILL M. L., SEETON C. J., LOW R. E.
• Publication date: 2022
• Languages : English
• Source: 2022 Purdue Conferences. 19^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Use of zeotropic blends in flooded refrigeration loops: consequences and limits.

• Author(s) : GUILPART J.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Thermal stability of novel HFO blend refrigerant.

• Author(s) : GOBO K., TSUCHIYA T., YAMADA Y., NAKAUE T., KARUBE D., KOMATSU Y., ITO R., OHKUBO S., RYDKIN I.
• Publication date: 2021/06
• Languages : English
• Source: 2^nd IIR Conference on HFO Refrigerants and Low GWP Blends
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Extreme low charge units with ammonia blend R723 applications in practice.

• Author(s) : SVINGÁL J.
• Publication date: 2019/04/11
• Languages : English
• Source: 8^th Conference on Ammonia and CO₂ Refrigeration Technology. Proceedings: Ohrid, North Macedonia, Avril 11-13, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Experimental analysis of CO2 blends for transcritical refrigeration systems.

• Author(s) : SÁNCHEZ D., CALLEJA-ANTA D., NEBOT-ANDRÉS L., CABELLO R., LLOPIS R.
• Publication date: 2020/12/07
• Languages : English
• Source: 14^th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2020). Proceedings. Kyoto, Japon, December 7-9^th 2020.
• Formats : PDF

Analisi delle prestazioni dello scambio termico per la miscela R32/R1234ze(E).

Heat transfer performance of the blend R32/R1234ze(E).

• Author(s) : DEL COL D., AZZOLIN M., BORTOLIN S.
• Publication date: 2015/10
• Languages : Italian
• Source: Industria & Formazione - vol. 39 - n.394
• Formats : PDF

Fractionation testing for low critical temperature blends.

• Author(s) : WEBSTER V., SAXENA I., LOW R. E., SEETON C. J.
• Publication date: 2022
• Languages : English
• Source: 2022 Purdue Conferences. 19^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Research on the flammable characteristics of fluoroethane (R161) and its binary blends.

• Author(s) : YANG Z., WU X., WANG X., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 56
• Formats : PDF

Experimental analysis of alternative blends of refrigerants for CO2 transcritical refrigeration.

• Author(s) : SÁNCHEZ D., CALLEJA-ANTA D., NEBOT-ANDRÉS L., CATALÁN-GIL J., LLOPIS R., CABELLO R.
• Publication date: 2020/11/11
• Languages : Spanish
• Source: X Congreso Ibérico y VIII Congreso Iberoamericano de Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, CYTEF 2020.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Condensation heat transfer of low-GWP blends for air conditioning applications.

• Author(s) : DEL COL D., AZZOLIN M., BORTOLIN S., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/04/23
• Languages : English
• Source: 5^th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants.
• Formats : PDF

Lubricants optimized for use with R32 and related low GWP refrigerant blends.

• Author(s) : HESSELL E., URREGO R., BENANTI T.
• Publication date: 2014/07/14
• Languages : English
• Source: 2014 Purdue Conferences. 15th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Ternary refrigerant blends for ultra-low temperature refrigeration.

• Author(s) : MOTA BABILONI A., FERNANDEZ MORENO A., GIMÉNEZ-PRADES P., UDROIU C-M., NAVARRO-ESBRÍ J.
• Publication date: 2023/04
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 148
• Formats : PDF

New HFO/CO2 blends in the pipeline

The refrigeration and air-conditioning sector has long been divided into two distinct camps, that promoting natural refrigerants and that developing low-GWP fluorocarbons. But could this be about to change?

• Publication date : 2013/03/04

MAC: SAE considers R1234yf as “safe and effective” and AC5 and AC6 blends as “technically credible”

The SAE International Cooperative Research Project team has concluded that “R1234yf refrigerant is safe and effective to use in automotive applications. It also concluded that “based on a detailed fault tree analysis, AC6 offers a risk profile...

• Publication date : 2013/08/27

Low GWP blends for domestic air conditioning

A review article presents the latest research trends on low GWP refrigerants, mainly HFC/HFO blends, for domestic air conditioning. 

• Publication date : 2023/03/28
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Refrigerant blends may offer alternative to R134a

Research released by SAE provide further evidence that Mexichem Fluor's refrigerant blends AC5 and AC6 could offer EU regulation compliant alternatives to R134a in automotive air conditioning.

• Publication date : 2013/12/20
• Subjects: Regulation

Refrigerant news: New Blend

A new blend of R32, R125 and R134a from Honeywell has received the designation of R-407F from ASHRAE and has been rated A1, indicating it has a low toxicity and is non flammable. It is seen as a viable replacement for R22 in medium- and low-...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

New R134a alternatives in mobile air conditioning

Two new refrigerant blends are considered as an R134a alternative and "virtually non-flammable".

• Publication date : 2014/12/18

New low GWP replacement for R404A in hermetically-sealed systems

A new lower GWP replacement for R404A, which blends an HFO and an HFC with a “natural” refrigerant is to be made commercially available next year.

• Publication date : 2015/12/06

State of the art on the flammability of HFOs

An article recently published in the IJR reviews the flammability characteristics of 48 HFOs and blends for various experimental conditions.

• Publication date : 2020/02/05

Honeywell CFC destruction plan

Honeywell has begun destroying its inventories of CFCs and CFC blends: the company says it has already destroyed over 12 000 kg of R11.

• Publication date : 2012/06/21

R32 vs HFOs as alternatives to R410A

During the IIR-co-sponsored 14thInternational Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, USA, in July 2012, H. Pham and R. Rajendran presented the results of an evaluation of R32, HFO1234yf, HFO1234ze and various HFO blends as...

• Publication date : 2013/01/07

Alternative mixtures for R134a

A NIST study identifies 23 non-flammable or slightly flammable mixtures as R134a alternatives in air conditioning.

• Publication date : 2019/08/29

2010 ASHRAE Refrigerant Safety Standards

ASHRAE has published its 2010 editions of Refrigerant Safety Standards. In these editions, HFO-1234yf and 14 refrigerant blends have been added. An optional 2L flammability classification subclass has been added to the existing Class 2 category,...

• Publication date : 2011/02/11

BOC’s refrigerants team

According to BOC's refrigerants team, one in three plants runs on contaminatedrefrigerant. BOC's team tested over 50 industrial installations and found that 36% of refrigerant blends tested did not meet specifications and required complete...

• Publication date : 2005/10/26

Secondary refrigerants strike back

With the F-gas Regulation's stringent demands on fluorinated refrigerant leakage control, the use of secondary refrigerants such as ethylene glycol is coming into vogue. Recently, when opening a new Mexican food factory, Discovery Foods, a British...

• Publication date : 2008/05/13

Intense competition for the next-generation MAC refrigerant

Less than 3 years before the January 1, 2011 deadline for using fluorinated gases (F-gases) with a GWP higher than 150 in the new models of cars according to the European Directive 2006/40 on emissions from mobile air-conditioning (MAC) systems,...

• Publication date : 2008/05/13

Submit your abstracts to the 3rd IIR Conference on HFO Refrigerants and Low GWP Blends

To be organised by the Chinese Association of Refrigeration (CAR), the call for abstracts for the 2023 IIR Conference on HFOs has now been launched. Submit...

• Publication date : 2022/04/25
• Subjects: Technology, HFCs alternatives, Environment

REAL Alternatives: blended Learning for Alternative Refrigerants

Last week the REAL Alternatives Europe programme partners met at IIR head offices to elaborate plans to translate the e-learning project into more languages.

• Publication date : 2015/06/23

Press Release: REAL Alternatives for LIFE project on blended learning for alternative refrigerants gets started

Financed by the EU's funding instrument for the environment and climate action, the REAL Alternatives for LIFE consortium met in June for the project kick-off meeting.

• Publication date : 2017/07/10

ICR 2011 in Prague: a Resounding Success

The 23rd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration held in Prague, on August 21-26, 2011, was highly successful...

• Publication date : 2011/08/30

HFO 2023: Call for abstracts extended until September 30!

The call for abstracts for the 2023 IIR Conference on HFOs, to be hosted by the Chinese Association of Refrigeration (CAR), has been extended to September 30, 2022!  

• Publication date : 2022/09/08
• Subjects: Technology, HFCs alternatives, Environment

Member news: Koura introduces new refrigerant for air conditioning

Refrigerant manufacturer Koura recently introduced R468C, a refrigerant that could replace R410A in air conditioning systems.  

• Publication date : 2022/10/27
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

The Mostra Convegno exhibition

In March 2018 the IIR participated in one of the biggest exhibitions on refrigeration technologies, Mostra Convegno, which took place, as always, in Milan.

• Publication date : 2018/04/19

IIR member news: Johnson Controls YORK chiller optimised for R1233zd(E)

The YORK YZ magnetic bearing centrifugal chiller, produced by Johnson Controls, is said to be the first chiller fully optimized for ultimate performance with the low-global warming potential refrigerant R1233zd(E).

• Publication date : 2019/01/31

New in the Encyclopedia: updated GWP values for HFCs

Find all the GWP values over 100 years and 20 years for hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants.

• Publication date : 2023/09/22
• Subjects: Environment

Past events: The IIR around the world, April 2023

This month, the IIR conference on HFOs welcomed 200 delegates, and one of Asia's largest exhibitions in HVACR, China Refrigeration, set a new record with 60,000 visitors and 1,100 exhibitors.

• Publication date : 2023/04/26

New IIR Informatory Note. Low-GWP Refrigerants: Status and Outlook

The latest IIR Informatory Note outlines the options available for low-GWP refrigerants and their respective performance. It provides a series of recommendations on refrigerant...

• Publication date : 2022/07/08
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Discover the IIR Conference papers from 2021

Thanks to the support of its international network, last year, the IIR organised a staggering seven conferences dedicated to key themes of refrigeration.

• Publication date : 2022/04/04
• Subjects: General information

Call for abstracts: IIR Compressors Conference 2020

Set to celebrate its 10th anniversary edition in the series, the IIR next Conference on Compressors and Refrigerants has launched a call for abstracts. Don't miss the deadline!

• Publication date : 2019/11/04

IIR Conference overview: 5th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants - TPTPR2017

With over 150 participants from 12 countries, the 5th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants featured 85 technical presentations, including six plenary keynote lectures.

• Publication date : 2017/05/24

Focus on the last events in June 2021

In June 2021, the IIR organised two conferences: Thermag and HFO. It also participated in the European Conferences on the latest technologies in refrigeration and air conditioning organised by Centro Studi...

• Publication date : 2021/06/29

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Blends, HFO et HCFO

Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFCs, Blends, HFO et HCFO

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG